누가 와 데이트 했나요?

프랑수아 2세 드 브르타뉴(프랑스어: François II de Bretagne, 브르타뉴어: Frañsez II, 1433년 6월 23일 ~ 1488년 9월 9일)는 1458년부터 사망할 때까지의 브르타뉴 공작이다. 그는 리샤르 데탕프의 아들이자 장 4세 드 브르타뉴의 손자이기도 하다. 프랑수아의 인생은 프랑스에게서 브르타뉴의 준독립 상태를 유지하는 것이 주 목표였다고 할 수 있다. 그 예로 그의 통치 기간은 군주인 루이 11세와 샤를 8세가 어린 시절 섭정으로 있었던 프랑수아의 딸 안의 분쟁으로 특징 지어졌다. 무력과 비무력이 동반된 1484-1488년 간의 분쟁은 광기 전쟁 또는 공익 전쟁이라도 불린다.

Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461), called the Victorious (French: le Victorieux) or the Well-Served (le Bien-Servi), was King of France from 1422 to his death in 1461. His reign saw the end of the Hundred Years' War and a de facto end of the English claims to the French throne.

During the Hundred Years' War, Charles VII inherited the throne of France under desperate circumstances. Forces of the Kingdom of England and the duke of Burgundy occupied Guyenne and northern France, including Paris, the capital and most populous city, and Reims, the city in which French kings were traditionally crowned. In addition, his father, Charles VI, had disinherited him in 1420 and recognized Henry V of England and his heirs as the legitimate successors to the French crown. At the same time, a civil war raged in France between the Armagnacs (supporters of the House of Valois) and the Burgundian party (supporters of the House of Valois-Burgundy, which was allied to the English).

With his court removed to Bourges, south of the Loire river, Charles was disparagingly called the "King of Bourges", because the area around this city was one of the few remaining regions left to him. However, his political and military position improved dramatically with the emergence of Joan of Arc as a spiritual leader in France. Joan and Jean de Dunois led French troops to lift the siege of Orléans and other besieged strategic cities on the Loire river, and to defeat the English at the Battle of Patay. With local English troops dispersed, the people of Reims switched allegiance and opened their gates, which enabled Charles VII to be crowned at Reims Cathedral in 1429. Six years later, he ended the Anglo-Burgundian alliance by signing the Treaty of Arras with Burgundy, followed by the recovery of Paris in 1436 and the steady reconquest of Normandy in the 1440s using a newly organized professional army and advanced siege cannons. Following the Battle of Castillon in 1453, the French recaptured all of England's continental possessions except the Pale of Calais.

The last years of Charles VII were marked by conflicts with his turbulent son, the future Louis XI.