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조지 고든 바이런

조지 고든 바이런

제6대 바이런 남작 조지 고든 바이런(영어: George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, FRS, 1788년 1월 22일 ~ 1824년 4월 19일)은 영국의 시인, 세속 귀족이다. 존 키츠, 퍼시 비시 셸리와 함께 낭만주의 문학을 선도했던 인물로 알려져 있다.

영국 런던에서 태어나 어려서부터 훌륭한 글재주로 주위의 칭찬을 받으며 자랐다. 2살 때 스코틀랜드의 애버딘으로 집을 옮겼으나 세 살 때 아버지가 죽고 1798년에 큰아버지인 제5대 바이런 남작이 죽었으므로 제6대 바이런경이 되어 조상의 땅 노팅검으로 옮기게 된다. 이듬해, 런던에서 나와 해로우 스쿨에 들어간 뒤 1805년에 케임브리지 대학교에 입학하여 역사와 문학을 전공하지만 학업에 신경을 쓰지 않고 나날을 보냈다. 1808년에 케임브리지를 떠나, 1811년까지 포르투갈, 스페인, 그리스 등을 여행하고 귀국한 뒤 런던에 살다가 1812년에는 《차일드 해럴드의 순례》(Childe Harold's Pilgrimage)를 출판하여 일약 유명해졌다. 그 후 《돈 주앙》(Don Juan) 등 유명한 작품을 계속 발표하여 19세기 낭만파 시인의 대표적인 존재가 되었다.

1815년에 아나운서 안네 이자벨라 밀 뱅크와 결혼하였다. 여기서 태어난 아이가 세계 최초의 프로그래머인 에이다 러브레이스이다. 그러나 이듬해 별거하여 흐트러진 생활로 비판을 받아오다가 영국을 떠나 스위스에서 퍼시 비시 셸리(Percy Bysshe Shelley)를 만나 스위스 각지를 떠돌면서 퇴폐한 생활을 계속한다.

그리스 문화를 사랑했던 그는 1823년 그리스 독립 전쟁에 참여하여 독립군에게 사기를 북돋워 주었다. 〈오늘 나는 36세가 되었다〉라는 시를 마지막으로 그는 사망하였다. 그는 자기 자신을 노래하고 생각하는 시를 쓴 시인으로서 자유롭게 살다 죽은 낭만주의자였다.

그는 영국 낭만주의 시인 가운데 가장 왕성한 창작력을 가진 시인으로 알려져 있다. 이복누나 어거스터 리와의 근친상간 루머가 있다.

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Teresa, Contessa Guiccioli

Teresa, Contessa Guiccioli

Teresa, Contessa Guiccioli (1800–1873) was an Italian noblewoman and the married lover of Lord Byron while he was living in Ravenna and writing the first five cantos of Don Juan. She wrote the biographical account Lord Byron's Life in Italy.

On 19 January 1818, Teresa married an elderly diplomat, Count Alessandro Guiccioli, who was 39 years her senior. It was three days later, on 22 January, that she met Lord Byron at the home of Countess Albrizzi. Count Guiccioli was a nobleman who had ingratiated himself with Napoleon during his campaign in Italy in 1796, and during the French rule of Italy during the Napoleonic era, Count Guiccioli held a series of high offices, making him one of the most powerful men in Italy. There is no evidence that Teresa, his third wife, ever felt any affection for him.  

Byron's relationship with Teresa was a dangerous one as Count Guiccioli was still a powerful man who was widely believed to have been behind the murder in 1816 of another nobleman who was suing him for having seized his lands under Napoleon. In a letter to her sent on 22 April 1819 written in Italian, Byron wrote "you sometimes tell me I have been your first real love-and I assure that you shall be my last Passion". In a letter, Byron wrote that she mailed him some of her pubic hair, which was a traditional Italian gesture that indicated her willingness to begin an affair. The Countess Guiccioli lived with Byron as his common-law wife first in Ravenna and then in Genoa until 1823.

Her father, Count Ruggiero Gamba was an Italian nationalist who wanted to unify all of the Italian states into one, a project that would also mean the Austrian Empire, which ruled much of what is now northern Italy (the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia) would also lose much territory. Under Teresa's influence, Byron joined a secret pseudo-Masonic society dedicated to Italian unity and driving out the Austrians that had already been joined by her father and brother. For plotting against the Austrian Empire, Count Gamba was exiled to the countryside of the Romagna region. In 1823, the Austrian authorities allowed Count Gamba to leave his exile in the Romagna with the condition that the Countess Guiccioli had to end her relationship with Byron and return to her husband. The news that the Countess Guiccioli was leaving him helped precipitate Byron's decision to go fight on the Greek side in the Greek war of independence. When Byron boarded the Hercules, the ship that was to take him from Genoa to Greece, it caused "passionate grief" from Guiccioli who broke down in tears as she said farewell to her lover. Going along with Byron to Greece was her brother, Pietro Gamba, who was to serve as Byron's bumbling right-hand man.  

Later in life, she married the Marquis de Boissy who, even after their marriage, boasted of her liaison with Byron, introducing her as "Madame la Marquise de Boissy, autrefois la Maitresse de Milord Byron" (the Marquise de Boissy, formerly the mistress of Lord Byron).

Alexandre Dumas included her as a minor character in his novel The Count of Monte Cristo using the disguised name "Countess G-". Lord Byron also used this shortened name in his journals. At a party in Paris hosted by Napoleon III in the 1860s, the wife of the American ambassador introduced a wealthy American tourist, Mrs. Mary R. Darby, to the now elderly Contessa Guiccioli, saying she was one of the last people alive who knew Byron personally. Mrs. Darby introduced herself by saying that she had heard Byron was "king of poets", only for Guiccioli, who was still in love with him, to say that Byron was the "king of men". Mrs. Darby befriended Guiccioli who showed her two manuscripts that she had written in French, recalling her youth with Byron. Mrs. Darby, who quickly became Guiccioli's best friend, worked with her on turning the manuscripts into books, only one of which has survived. When the Contessa Guiccioli died in 1873 with no children, her papers were inherited by her grand-nephew, Count Carlo Gamba, who hid them away in his family's archives, believing that his grand-aunt's scandalous relationship with Byron would damage the reputation of the Gamba family. Not until 2005 was one of the books the Contessa Guiccioli wrote about her relationship with Byron published.  

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조지 고든 바이런

조지 고든 바이런
 

Margarita Cogni

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조지 고든 바이런

조지 고든 바이런
 

어거스터 리

어거스터 리

어거스터 리(Augusta Leigh, /əɡʌstə liː/)는 바이런 경의 이복누나이다. 어거스터는 존 바이런(John Byron)과 그의 첫째 부인 아멜리아 달시(Amelia Darcy) 사이에서 태어났다.

바이런 경과의 근친상간 관계는 1898년 2월 26일자의 뉴욕 타임즈의 "Byron as a Boy; His Mother's Influence — His School Days and Mary Chaworth"라는 제목의 기사에 나올 정도로 당시에는 잘 알려진 이야기였다.

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조지 고든 바이런

조지 고든 바이런
 

Jane Harley, Countess of Oxford and Countess Mortimer

Jane Harley, Countess of Oxford and Countess Mortimer

Jane Elizabeth Harley, Countess of Oxford and Countess Mortimer (née Scott; 1774–1824) was an English noblewoman, known as a patron of the Reform movement and a lover of Lord Byron.

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조지 고든 바이런

조지 고든 바이런
 

클레어 클레어몬트

클레어 클레어몬트

Clara Mary Jane Clairmont (27 April 1798 – 19 March 1879), commonly known as Claire Clairmont, was the stepsister of English writer Mary Shelley and the mother of Lord Byron's daughter Allegra. She is thought to be the subject of a poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley.

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